Gene Steele - the Singing Salesman of Memphis
Gene Steele was a longtime performer in Memphis. He was already there in the late 1930s, when nobody even dreamt of something like rock'n'roll, and Steele was still there when Sun Records was making noise in the whole country with this hybrid of country and rhythm & blues. During the years, Steele was heard on radio by dozens of later Memphis rock'n'roll performers - both black and white and had an impact on several performers' careers.
Steele was born on October 22, 1908, in the small town of Kennedy, Northwest Alabama, near the Mississippi border. By the late 1930s, Steele had made his way to the mid-west's regional metropolis Memphis and began appearing on local radio around 1939. He became a mainstay on WMC, which hosted several country performers throughout the years such as the Delmore Brothers and Slim Rhodes' Mountaineers.
In July 1939, Steele recorded his first session for the Vocalion label at the Gayoso Hotel in Memphis. On four of the recorded numbers, he was backed by the Swift Jewel Cowboys, a Memphis jazz and western swing group which had recorded at the same location the previous days. The cuts included the bluesy "Freight Train Blues" with some Jimmie Rodgers inspired yodeling by Steele. Steele also recorded "Rio Grande Moon" and "Just a Little of the Blues" with a smaller combo that included possibly Gene Bagett.
In the early 1940s, Steele's band had become known as the "Sunny Southerners", playing on WMC and six nights a week at venues in Memphis and surrounding areas like Northeast Arkansas and Southeast Missouri. For a short time in the spring of 1942, this band included Kelland Clark and Boudleaux Bryant, who later became famous as a songwriter with his wife Felice. However, Clark and Bryant did not stay very long with Steele, as they left in April that year for Detroit.
Throughout the 1940s and early 1950s, Steele remained a fixture on Memphis radio and became known as the "Singing Salesman" on his morning show. Sometimes, he was also billed "King of the Hillbillies". Quite a few now legendary Memphis artists referenced to his broadcasts, like future R&B and Soul singer Bobby "Blue" Bland. Charles Farley cites Bland in his book "Soul of the Man": "I've always been concerned singing. First spirituals and then white country blues - you know, what they call hillbilly. There used to be a morning radio show here in Memphis, Gene Steele, the Singing Salesman, and when I listened to him sing 'Take That Night Train to Memphis', I got interested in hillbilly music and in coming to Memphis."
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| The Courier News (Blytheville, Arkansas) August 4, 1949 |
Steele also became friends with Marshall Grant, who had come to Memphis in 1947, worked as a mechanic at the same company as guitarist Luther Perkins. Both joined with Johnny Cash in the early 1950s and Steele happened to work as a salesman at the same company as Grant and Perkins. Steele, who was a veteran performer by then, advised Grant how to tune an upright bass when he switched from guitar to bass. Grant remembered: "And so I bought it [the bass] and took it home. Put it in my car and took it back to the shop, went back to work, had to work it on my car and lay it on top of the seat, as a lot of bass people did. But anyhow, I called John, and I said 'Luther's got this guitar, and I got a bass, and I don't know how in the hell you tune this thing.' So there was a person that worked at Auto Sales there, his name was Gene Steele, and he was a salesman there, and he had a little band. So I went to Gene the next day and said 'Gene, how in hell do you tune a bass?' He said 'I don't know but we're doin' a little gig tonight, and I'll ask the bass player.' He came back the next morning with a picture drawn in his hand [showing] G, D, A and E, just like the top four strings on a guitar. So I called John, and Luther was working on the other side of the shop, and I said 'Look here Luther, this is how you tune this little sucker'. And I said 'Let's get together tonight, tune it and make some music.'"
Paul Burlison, who became lead guitarist with the Johnny Burnette Rock'n'Roll Trio, remembered "they [the radio station] had a place there for people to sit and watch while it was broadcast live" as written in Tav Falco's book "Ghosts Behind the Sun". Burlison also recalled watching acts like Al Burns, Bobby Knight, and Gene Steele. By 1954, Steele had done more than 3,300 programs with the same sponsor and his early morning show had become an institution.
I could not find any traces of Steele's activities past 1954. He was possibly sidelined by the emerging trend of rock'n'roll and changes in the radio business. Gene Steele died in 1984.
In the 1970s, Sun Records researchers found uncredited tapes in the studio's vaults, containing recordings of "Alimony Blues" and "Daisy Bread Boogie" cut around 1953/1954. In the first instance, these were wrongly attributed to Earl Peterson, who had recorded for Sun around the same time. Then, in the 1980s, Memphis bassist Bill Diehl assured these tapes had been recorded by Gene Steele and for many years, this was accepted as true although further investigations failed due to Steele's death. A couple of 1990s and early 2000s reissues credited those songs to Steele, too, but new researches some 30 years later by Martin Hawkins, Colin Escott and Hank Davis revealed that these songs were written and recorded by veteran Memphis country performer Joe Manuel and not by Steele. Manuel had been commissioned by an Ohio bakery to produce a jingle for their Daisy Bread brand.
The same likely applies to more tracks recorded at Sun and released on the Memphis based Action Productions label under the pseudonym "Dreamy Joe" (which was more likely Joe Manuel). The label was part of the Action Advertising Agency and the songs intended to be ads for the Holsum and Hardin bakeries. Only few copies were pressed and later wrongly credited to Steele. The recordings included more boogie-oriented numbers like "Holsum Boogie" and "Hardin's Bread Boogie".
| Label No.# | Artist Credit | A / B side | Date |
| Vocalion 05068 | Gene Steele | Here’s Your Opportunity / Don’t Wait ‘Till We’re Old and Grey | 09-1939 |
| Conqueror 9336 | Gene Steele | Here’s Your Opportunity / Don’t Wait ‘Till We’re Old and Grey | 1939 |
| Vocalion 05135 | Gene Steele | Rio Grande Moon / Ride’em, Cowboy, Ride’em | 1939 |
| Conqueror 9337 | Gene Steele | Rio Grande Moon / Ride’em, Cowboy, Ride’em | 1939 |
| Vocalion 05204 | Gene Steele | Freight Train Blues / Just a Little of the Blues | 11-1939 |
| Okeh 05204 | Gene Steele | Freight Train Blues / Just a Little of the Blues | 1939 |
• Swift Jewel Cowboys
Sources
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